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    • Fig demonstrates the sensitivity and confinement

    2018-11-05

    Fig. 5 demonstrates the sensitivity and confinement loss dependency on the pitch of the cladding of proposed E-PCF. According to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 (b), Λ (pitch) variation has the major impact on sensitivity, confinement loss as well as birefringence. Pitch, Λ=1.70, 1.65 and 1.60μm is selected for investigation. The sensitivity is 39.78%, 46.62% and 53.07%; the confinement loss is 1.01×10dB/m, 6.17×10dB/m, and 3.21×10dB/m and the birefringence is 0.51×10, 6.71×10 and 6.9×10 for selected pitches respectively at λ=1.33μm. Finally, it is clearly noticed that Λ=1.60μm obtains better-guiding properties and selected for next investigation. Fig. 7 exhibits the variation of da/db on investigated guiding properties. The da/db=0.464, 0.467 and 0.469 are used to investigate the guiding properties. From the Fig. 7 it is clearly reported that better guiding properties are gained for da/db=0.469. The sensitivity, confinement loss, and birefringence are obtained 53.07%, 3.21×10dB/m and 6.9×10 respectively for da/db=0.469. After dhfr inhibitor of simulation process investigating the effects of different parameters on proposed PCF, it is nicely addressed that the relative sensitivity can be enhanced due to the global diameter increment is shown in Table 1. Better sensitivity proves more confine of light in the core area and also the better electromagnetic power interaction with gasses. Investigated results highlight that interaction between light and gasses increases through wavelength increases. Finally, the air filling ratio d/Λ=0.475μm, pitch Λ=1.60μm and da/db=0.469 are chosen as optimum values. For these optimum values, we have observed the other optical properties of the proposed E-PCF. The relative sensitivity curve of the different core formation of our proposed E-PCF was analyzed in Fig. 8. To investigate the core region we fixed the cladding and took different core formation to ensure the effectiveness. We have selected circular holes in a circular form and set it as core to investigate. Besides, elliptical holes in an array and the formation of proposed E-PCF is also analyzed. From all the investigated results it can illustrate that the arrangements of elliptical holes in the proposed E-PCF show higher sensitivity than the other organizations of holes in the core region. According to Eqs. 9 and 10, Fig. 9 represents the wavelength dependence of effective areas and nonlinear coefficient of the fiber respectively for the optimized parameters. The nonlinear coefficient and effective areas of the proposed fiber are 15.67Wkm and 3.88μm2 respectively at 1.33μm wavelength. The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is high but relatively poor compare with [36] alike effective areas. The small effective area associates potential difficulties in the I/O coupling of light as well as higher splicing loss. 0.1dB taper losses have been reported to interface PCFs and conventional SMFs using a tapered intermediate PCF mode matched both of fiber at every end [37]. Due to the geometrical shape of the proposed PCF shown in Fig. 1, the fiber supports only single mode. Through the operating wavelengths (1.3–2.2μm) Veff remains always below 2.405 of the optimized PCF shown in Fig. 10. Construction manner is another possible solution to reduce the splice loss with PCFs to conventional SMFs [13]. The splice loss of proposed PCF is 8.21dB at 1.33μm wavelength shown in Fig. 11 for optimum design parameters. A beat length of about 0.198mm is confirmed at the wavelength of 1.33μm. A splice-free interconnection technique has been proposed by Lean-Saval et al. [38] between PCFs and conventional SMFs which can be used to interface the proposed PCFs with existing technology without a major problem. Table 1 shows the investigated guiding properties of the proposed fiber for the optimum design parameters and for the global diameters variations of the order of ±1% to ±2% at 1.33μm wavelength. From Table 1, vessel elements is nicely visualized for the optimizing geometrical parameters of the proposed PCF that a high relative sensitivity of 53.07%, the birefringence of 6.9×10 is confirmed both at λ=1.33μm. The investigated birefringence is much higher than conventional PM fibers [39]. Now the higher birefringence fiber can be applied to reduce the effect of polarization mode in sensing applications. Supporting the linear polarization will be another skill of our proposed PCF which minimizes the polarization coupling problem [13].