Archives

  • 2018-07
  • 2018-10
  • 2018-11
  • 2019-04
  • 2019-05
  • 2019-06
  • 2019-07
  • 2019-08
  • 2019-09
  • 2019-10
  • 2019-11
  • 2019-12
  • 2020-01
  • 2020-02
  • 2020-03
  • 2020-04
  • 2020-05
  • 2020-06
  • 2020-07
  • 2020-08
  • 2020-09
  • 2020-10
  • 2020-11
  • 2020-12
  • 2021-01
  • 2021-02
  • 2021-03
  • 2021-04
  • 2021-05
  • 2021-06
  • 2021-07
  • 2021-08
  • 2021-09
  • 2021-10
  • 2021-11
  • 2021-12
  • 2022-01
  • 2022-02
  • 2022-03
  • 2022-04
  • 2022-05
  • 2022-06
  • 2022-07
  • 2022-08
  • 2022-09
  • 2022-10
  • 2022-11
  • 2022-12
  • 2023-01
  • 2023-02
  • 2023-03
  • 2023-04
  • 2023-05
  • 2023-06
  • 2023-08
  • 2023-09
  • 2023-10
  • 2023-11
  • 2023-12
  • 2024-01
  • 2024-02
  • 2024-03
  • Introduction br History br Conservation projects and assessm

    2018-11-12

    Introduction
    History
    Conservation projects and assessments
    Characteristics of conservation
    Issues
    Conclusion
    Introduction
    Methodology
    Results and analysis
    Conclusion
    Acknowledgements This study is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Project number 2006BAJ04A10) and the Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province, China (No. CXLX-0105).
    Grand Canal, great job Canals needed to rise from one river valley and into the next to create networks that are able to facilitate the bulk carriage of cargoes across considerable distances. The Grand Canal was the first to do this. To adjust water levels from one terrain level to the next, the adjustable sluice gate was modified to function as a lock. The first recorded double-gate or pound lock in the world was built at the northern end of the Shan-yang Yun-Tao section between the Yangtze and Huai-yin in AD 984 by Chhiao Wei-Yo, the assistant commissioner of Transport for Huainan. In addition, Chinese canal builders also used the geographical contours and the water supplies of existing river systems to facilitate the construction of canals. The Grand Canal takes existing waterways on it\'s route as much as possible, including the Yellow River. Every coin has two sides. Periodic flooding of the adjacent Yellow River threatened the safety and the functioning of the canal. China\'s topography, climate, and stavudine conditions conspired to take control of the Yellow River—with it\'s silting, meandering, and flooding—a constant and unsolvable problem. Chinese attempts to control the Yellow River are almost as old as the Chinese civilization itself. The course of the Yellow River has changed nine times, in cycles of approximately 600 years, first flowing north of Shandong Massif and then to the south. From the later Han to the early Song period, the river followed a northerly course. From the late 13th to the mid-19th centuries (1288–1855), it followed a southerly course, usurping the bed of the Huai River. From the mid-19th century to the present, the river has reverted to the northerly course into the Bohai Gulf except for a brief period after 1937, when the dikes were intentionally destroyed to halt the advancing Japanese forces. Every time the Yellow River overflowed, the Grand Canal was influenced badly. From the experience of fighting with the Yellow River, many spectacular achievements have been achieved. The most popular one was the concept of Shu Shui Gong Sha (clearing sands with converging flow) proposed by Pan Jixun, the famous hydraulic expert of the Ming Dynasty (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Until today, the embankment of Hongze Lake exists as witness to this marvelous idea (Fig. 3). Through the ages, the technology created for canal construction is impressive in it\'s simplicity and efficiency. It was admirably suited to a canal system that relied, except for very large works, on local peasant communities for it\'s maintenance and operation. It was also well suited to the multipurpose character of China\'s canal network, which had important subsidiary functions in irrigation and flood control. These attributes were noted with admiration by western travelers in the 17th and 18th centuries, who asserted that the efficiency of the system compared favorably to similar works in Western Europe at that time. Moreover, the basic technological innovations of the sluice gate, glacis, capstan, and winch, and the practical adaptations of basic canal designs remained the mainstays of Chinese canal engineering until the 20th century. If there was one feature in China that impressed the early modern European travelers more than any other, it was the great abundance of waterworks and canals.
    Functional heritage Now, some northern parts of the Grand Canal are polluted or impassable (Fig. 4), but many other parts are working waterways (Fig. 5) that are used primarily to transport vast amounts of bulk goods, such as bricks, gravel, sand, diesel, and coal, which annually shift three times more cargo than that moved by the rail between Beijing and the Lower Yangtze region. The Grand Canal is living, and greatly contributes to the development of society.