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  • As the stem cells were recovered from bears that recently

    2018-10-22

    As the stem adenosine deaminase inhibitor were recovered from bears that recently were hibernating, it is possible that circulating factors that protect the bear from bone degeneration during hibernation prime the stem cells. That we did not see any chondrogenic differentiation in the cultures exposed to the chondrogenic induction medium was not surprising, as it is notoriously difficult to achieve chondrogenic differentiation in monolayer cultures, and most protocols call for either micromass pellet culture or culture in alginate or similar scaffolds (Bobick et al., 2009). In the monolayer cultures, it is possible that the control medium allows for a higher differentiation rate of the cells and optimum nodule formation. That we, in fact, did see clear signs of chondrogenesis taking place in all pellet cultures, highlighted the need for close cell-to-cell contact for chondrogenesis to occur. Bone regeneration is a complex process of mesenchymal stem cell invasion, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, these normal bone regenerative mechanisms decline and cannot compensate for the bone loss during osteoporosis. Recent findings of circulating multipotent stem cells with mixed characteristics of endothelial and osteogenic cells have raised interest in new therapies for pathologic bone loss (Clines, 2010). We speculate that the spontaneous osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of brown bear ASCs, highlight the potential of hibernating bears and ASCs as model systems to study the prevention of osteoporosis.
    Materials and methods
    Acknowledgments