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br Introduction Farnesoid X receptor FXR
2021-11-15
Introduction Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile chemicals discover more here regulated nuclear receptor highly expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney and adrenal glands in rodents.1, 2, 3, 4 FXR regulates transport proteins, the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and the organic solute transporter
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Receptor tyrosine kinases RTKs consist of subfamilies in hum
2021-11-15
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consist of 20 subfamilies in humans, all of which share a common structure consisting of extracellular ligand-binding region, a single-pass transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain [2]. Binding of a growth factor to the ligand-binding domain r
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Epigenetic inheritance is regarded as the genetic modificati
2021-11-15
Epigenetic inheritance is regarded as the genetic modification of vasopressin receptor antagonists that affects gene expression and related processes of other DNAs but does not directly change the DNA coding sequence [18]. Epigenetic inheritance includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and n
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Within a live organism cells need
2021-11-15
Within a live organism, cells need to transfer information to each other. Exocytosis is one of the critical mechanism which releases variety of ligands into the extracellular space. When cells export material via exocytosis, they first pack into vesicles, then cause the vesicles to tether at the pla
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2021-11-15
Materials and methods Results Discussion mmLDL is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its mechanism is still unclear. Previously, we co-cultured mmLDL with the coronary artery and basilar artery and found that mmLDL could upregulate ETB receptor expression in both [16],
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To prevent toxicity of free hemoglobin
2021-11-15
To prevent toxicity of free hemoglobin as well as its degradation metabolites heme and free iron, several scavenger proteins and degradation enzymes protect the body. Haptoglobin (Hp) is the most well described hemoglobin scavenging protein that binds free hemoglobin and transports it to macrophages
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br Mechanisms of HDAC inhibition dependent cardioprotection
2021-11-15
Mechanisms of HDAC inhibition-dependent cardioprotection Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated potent cardioprotective benefits of HDAC inhibition in murine models of myocardial stress, including I/R [19,25,29,30]. TSA reduces myocardial infarct size by up to 50% [19,25]. In addition, tr
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Moreover we have demonstrated that internalization and
2021-11-15
Moreover, we have demonstrated that internalization and subcellular trafficking of NPRA, using IF staining (IFS) and co-IP of plasma membrane, endosomal, lysosomal, and recycling endosome markers to follow intracellular trafficking and signaling by confocal IF microscopy (CIF) and immunoblotting (IB
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In this study we demonstrate that HHcy upregulated
2021-11-15
In this study, we demonstrate that HHcy upregulated the expression of GSNOR in T cells. As a result, GSNOR induced denitrosylation of Akt in Hcy-activated T Ac-DEVD-pNA in vivo and in vitro, which contributed to vascular inflammation and susceptibility to atherosclerosis in GSNOR-/-ApoE-/- mice. The
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Initial evidence that cell contact mediated transmission of
2021-11-12
Initial evidence that cell-contact-mediated transmission of HIV-1 is relevant for the generation of latently infected I-BET-762 receptor was suggested in the context of transmission from dendritic cells to resting CD4+ T cells (Evans et al., 2013, Kumar et al., 2015). As dendritic cells probe for an
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fexofenadine hydrochloride mg Selective pharmacological inhi
2021-11-12
Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indicated that the effects of gp120 are predominantly mediated by α5-containing GABAARs. The other dominant subtype that contributes to tonic current in the hippocampus, the δ-containing GABAAR, was unaffected by gp120 treatment. Additionally, i
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the Therefore as it stands presenilin has a secretase indepe
2021-11-12
Therefore as it stands, presenilin has a γ-secretase-independent role in regulating protein trafficking, proteolysis and degradation, however given that inhibition of γ-secretase activity can have a negative effect on protein trafficking [69], [98], we cannot exclude the possibility that some of the
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More recently Dal Peraro and coworkers carried out
2021-11-12
More recently, Dal Peraro and coworkers [38] carried out 4 μs CG MD simulations of GS with six randomly placed C9915-55 peptides embedded into a synaptic plasma bilayer model. This lipid raft model was constituted by 32 different etc and cholesterol (54.74%). In this study, the authors observed a h
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All of the abovementioned effects of
2021-11-12
All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs signal their involvement in a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon, which is increasingly recognized as a potential target for future pharmacotherapies of atherosclerosis, especially for individuals who do not respond to the classical lipid-lowering stra
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MMV s distinct mode of inhibition addresses key impediments
2021-11-12
MMV019313's distinct mode of inhibition addresses key impediments in the development of PfFPPS/GGPPS inhibitors as antimalarial drugs. First, it is the first non-bisphosphonate inhibitor of Plasmodium FPPS/GGPPS with drug-like physicochemical properties satisfying the “Rule of 5” (Van Voorhis et al.
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